Common Symptoms
Clean holes in leaves
Round or oval holes with clean edges appear in leaf blades, with no discoloration around them.
Signs to check
- Hole edges are smooth and healed, as though punched out.
- The surrounding leaf stays completely green and healthy, with no yellow or brown halo.
- Holes usually measure 2 mm to 1 cm (about 0.08 to 0.4 in) across.
- Holes appear anywhere on the leaf surface but avoid the main veins.
Common causes
- Flea beetles · Small jumping beetles that make many holes in leaves.
- Slugs and snails · Nocturnal pests that leave shiny slime trails on leaves.
- Shot-hole disease · Small brown spots fall out and leave clean holes in leaves.
- Weevils (black vine weevils) · Nocturnal beetles that cut semicircular notches in leaves.